Substance Abuse And Mental Health Association - 1098 Words

Reported heroin use in the United States is rising. Recent data suggest that almost 700,000 Americans consumed heroin last year, which represents an almost 40% increase from 2007 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Association, 2014; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Association, 2008). An overwhelming increase in the dependence on prescription opioid analgesics over the last two decades combined with a supply heavy market of high quality-low cost heroin imported from South America may be concurrent factors driving this trend (Cicero, Ellis, Surratt, Kurtz, 2014; Mars, Bourgois, Karandinos, Montero Ciccarone, 2014; Lankaneau et al., 2011). While precise estimates of the relative prevalence of different drug administration routes are†¦show more content†¦Skin and or soft tissue infections often occur following a break in normal skin integrity from either trauma or skin disease (Brown Ebright, 2002). The vast majority of these infections are caused by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, part of the normal flora existing on the skins surface. Abscess has been found to be the most commonly found SSTI in PWID (Brown Ebright, 2002). Symptoms of abscess include pain and or tenderness at and around the site of infection, swelling, and redness topped with a pustule. If left untreated, spread and progression of the SSTI leading to tissue ischemia and death, gangrene, sepsis and death can occur (Brown Pieper, 2002). Hospital treatment of a SSTI is costly. Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample by the Agency for Healthcare research estimated that in 2009, costs associated with hospital treatment of S STI reached an estimated $4.8 billion, which is approximately $11,000 per patient (Suya et al., 2009). A prospective study of people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited from a neighborhood with high prevalence of injection drug use in San Francisco in 2000, found that 32% of participants reported having an injection-related SSTI at the time of interview (Binswanger et al., 2000). Results from surveillance data of PWID in the UK between 2006-2008 found that

Narrow Views On The United States - 939 Words

Narrow Minds: Narrow Views Contrary to what many people thing, the dramatic event that happened in New York on September 11, 2001 when Muslim origin terrorist perpetuated the killing of innocent people in the United States was very devastating not just to Americans but also to the rest of the world. The world felt the consequences of this terrorist attack against America apart from condemning it because it was a horrible and inhumane event, but also by America government official’s racial profiling citizens of all nationalities that set foot into America territory. As citizens of the United States, we are concerned about criminality undermining our society; drugs, terrorist attacks and violence are increasing in our communities. Although crime is a serious problem in our society, government resources are limited and we live under a terrorist threat. However, racial profiling is not the solution to reduce our social issues because it is unconstitutional, promotes distrust in government agencies, and prevents America from finding a more inclusive solution. Many people have different ideas of what constitutes Racial Profiling but, According to Jody Feder, in â€Å"Racial Profiling: Legal and Constitutional Issues,† â€Å" Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior†(4). The belief that certain appearances in peopleShow MoreRelatedEssay On Intolerance In The Crucible835 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom their mistakes, but rather commit the same ones their predecessors have made. 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Vulnerable Population; Poor Free Essays

Vulnerable Population: The Poor â€Å"A vulnerable population is a group or groups that are more likely to develop health- related problems, have more difficulty accessing health care to address those health problems, and are more likely to experience a poor outcome or shorter life span because of those health conditions. † (Maurer Smith,2009, pp. 533) Poverty is linked with marked deprivation of well-being of an individual due to inability to meet basic needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Vulnerable Population; Poor or any similar topic only for you Order Now It could be due to lack of income or resources to buy goods and services or inability to access them. Thus poor people in the population are considered vulnerable as socioeconomic status is closely linked to a person’s health status. People who are poor or belong to low income group have difficulty in providing basic necessities of life e. g. food, clothing, and shelter for themselves and their families. They lack resources and opportunities to improve their quality of life. Their behavior and choices are determined by their socioeconomic status. In United States poverty is determined by comparing annual income to threshold which is set of dollar value that vary by family size, number of children and age of householders. If a family’s income is below their threshold that family is considered to be in poverty including all members. (Bishaw, Macartney, 2010) According to the United States Census Bureau in the year 2011 the poverty rate was 15% indicating 46. 2 million people in poverty range. People living in poverty tend to live in certain neighborhoods rather than evenly distributing in different neighborhoods. This increases burden on families beyond their circumstances because disadvantageous neighborhood brings more problems in their lives. Resources in these areas are scarce as the area becomes disadvantageous banks, stores; shopping places or new business doesn’t go in these areas because they don’t see any profit. There is lack of good public schools, housing and sanitation are inadequate, access to health is non-existent and employment opportunities are limited. These people don’t have access to healthy food as it is expensive compare to unhealthy food which cost less and feed more people. They have more fast food places and liquor stores in their areas. There is no place or a safe place for physical activity and recreation as a result people stay at home this limits there physical activity as well as social interaction. The crime rate in such areas is high therefore residents face constant threat to their lives. Youth and adults do not have any positive outlet or recreation available and they adapt behavior as smoking, drinking alcohol and use of drugs. It was also shown in PBS videos that across the country polluting industries are found in communities where population is poor or belong to minority causing pollution and other health problems. Population living below poverty line usually doesn’t have health insurance. Even if they are employed they either do not get insurance from employer owing to small business or if they get insurance they do not enroll to save cost of monthly premium. For them basic needs are priority while health is secondary. Because of the cost they have to choose between needs and health. They usually delay seeking care or avoid going to health care altogether making them sicker. As a result they end up using acute care services e. g. emergency department and have poor health outcomes. In PBS video it was highlighted lack of health care is not the cause of their illness but chronic constant stress in their daily lives exposes them to risk of chronic diseases. High level of stress hormones over time increases arterial plaque raises blood pressure and weakens immune system. This can result in heart disease, diabetes and other diseases. There are certain initiatives by government to address these issues the first example is providing food stamps to the families who doesn’t have any source of income. In PBS video it was shown the amount sometime is not adequate enough to fulfill need of the family where a woman has 200 dollars for the month to feed four people. Second example is providing reduce price meals or free meals to school children whose family fall under poverty level. Finally PPACA has increase access to health care by ensuring health insurance for all but does it solve the problem? The poor population will be oing back to same stressful environment after treatment so they might become frequent visitor of healthcare facility with ongoing health issues increasing frustration in HCP as they will not see any improvement. I would like to conclude by saying to improve health status and life expectancy of this vulnerable population social reforms are essential to provide opportunity to improve quality of l ife along with improve access to health care. References Bishaw, A. United States census Bureau, (2011). Areas with concentrated poverty: 2006–2010 American community survey briefs (ACSBR/10-17). Retrieved from website: http://www. census. gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-17. pdf Bishaw, A. , Macartney, S. United States census Bureau, (2010). Poverty: 2008 and 2009 American community survey briefs (ACSBR/09-1). Retrieved from website: http://www. census. gov/prod/2010pubs/acsbr09-1. pdf Documentary series: Unnatural causes [Web]. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. unnaturalcauses. org/video_clips. php Maurer, F. , Smith, C. (2009). Community/ public health nursing practice: health for families and population. (Fourth ed. , Chapter 21). Saunders. How to cite Vulnerable Population; Poor, Essay examples

Sales Management free essay sample

The first management technique that is vital to the success of any business is hiring. This is initially where it begins and there are many different priorities that go into hiring. The first aspect of hiring for any company would be to determine what you are hiring for. Each position is going to need a different skill set, therefore what you are looking for in a sales associate would be completely different than what the company may be looking for in a stock associate. Once the company determines the position then they will need to determine the skill set that is required. For example, when Victoria’s Secret is hiring a stock associate the skill set needs to be strong with organization, speed and efficiency, and overall just very task oriented. However, when the company is looking for a sales associate to sell bras, that person needs to be very personable and completely customer focus driven. Ensuring that the right behaviors are in place when completing hiring, can definitely set the company up for success or failure. The next management technique would flow into training. Now that the company has hired the correct individual, it is up to the management to ensure that the training is thorough and accurate to set that associate up for success. â€Å"The training process is a vital link in the process of converting the recruit into a productive sales representative. It has been estimated that U. S. companies spend over $7 billion annually on sales training† (Spiro, Rich, Stanton, Ch. 7,. Para. 1). Due to a higher demand for a sales representative to be able to build a relationship with their customers, sales training has gone to a whole new level. For Victoria’s Secret there primary focus is solely on the customer and ensuring that her experience in the store is exceptional every time she visits and every store she visits. Therefore the company will need to have a very structured training program for all stores to align on, so that everyone is staying true to the company values. Most companies expect to influence the productivity of their field sales organizations through the design and delivery of their training programs. But training programs might have other objectives as well. They include a lower employee turnover rate, better morale, more effective communication, improved customer relations, and better self-management. (Spiro, Rich, Stanton, Ch. 7. , Para. 22). The next management technique is probably one that seems like the easiest, but can be the hardest, motivation. In many businesses, motivation comes from self-motivation. However, when leading a sales team, the motivation needs to begin with the manager. A sales manager acts as a catalyst, providing both the stimulation for salespeople to feel motivated and the proper rewards so that they continue to feel motivated† (Spiro, Rich, Stanton, Ch. 8. , Para. 1). Because the marketplace is ever changing, it is extremely important to keep the sales team motivated. Business can fluctuate day to day and in order for a sales associate to truly understand their impact on the business, they need to feel rewarded and appreciated. People are going to work harder for managers who they feel appreciated by. The next two management technique is all around operational controls and technology. Due to the advancements of technology it is now easier for managers to access reports. Being able to access those reports on a daily basis is beneficial to the success of the business, because managers can then develop insight as to where their strengths and opportunities lie and can make adjustments in the moment. Ensuring that operational controls are in place like scheduling and payroll, will allow the management to focus their attention on what matters most, the customers. There are many different tools that management utilizes as a way to analyze business. â€Å"Sales quotas are individual sales target figure assigned to each sales unit such as a sales person as a minimum requirement for a specific period† (Business Dictionary, n. d. ). A sales target is basically the same thing as a sales quota. For Victoria’s Secret these goals that are set the store teams are set by the financial team at home office. The management team receives a sales forecast about a month out, in order to prepare from a scheduling perspective to support the anticipated target. Then based upon the daily quota, each member of management working that day is responsible for the overall goal as they are in charge of producing sales during their shift. For Victoria’s Secret specifically, the quota for the day is broken down into two hour segments and no manager runs more than two segments back to back. They are in charge of meeting that quota for that time frame. Sales reports are also generated by the home office team. Based upon the actuals from the previous day, the reports automatically populate themselves and update. Home office monitors these reports to ensure they poll correctly. These sales reports are vital to the success each week. The management team will monitor these reports daily to understand strengths and opportunities to make corrections in the moment. Overall management techniques and tools are extremely important to the success of the business. It is also extremely important for the management to understand that they all work together. If the operational side of the business is not set up correctly, then the sales associates and the management team cannot focus on reaching their sales target and more importantly cannot focus on the customer experience. By focusing on motivating the employees, the company will in turn see happy customers, which will equal sales growth. References WebFinance. (2013). Business Dictionary. Retrieved on March 18, 2013 from http://www. businessdictionary. com Spiro. R. , amp; Rich. G. , amp; Stanton. W. , (2008). Management of a Sales Force. Chapter 7. Developing, Delivering, and Reinforcing a Sales Training Program. McGraw-Hill. Spiro. R. , amp; Rich. G. , amp; Stanton. W. , (2008). Management of a Sales Force. Chapter 8. Motivating a Sales Force. McGraw-Hill.